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The United States Information Agency (USIA), which existed from 1953 to 1999, was a United States agency devoted to public diplomacy. In 1999, USIA's broadcasting functions were moved to the newly created Broadcasting Board of Governors, and its exchange and non-broadcasting information functions were given to the newly created Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs at the U.S. Department of State. The agency was previously known overseas as the United States Information Service. == Mission == President Dwight D. Eisenhower established the United States Information Agency in 1953.〔Snyder, Alvin, ''Warriors of Disinformation: American Propaganda, Soviet Lies, and the Winning of the Cold War'' 1995. Arcade Publishing, Inc. New York.〕〔Reorganization Plan No. 8 of 1953, 〕 The USIA's mission was "to understand, inform and influence foreign publics in promotion of the national interest, and to broaden the dialogue between Americans and U.S. institutions, and their counterparts abroad". The United States Information Agency (USIA) was established "to streamline the U.S. government's overseas information programs, and make them more effective".〔 The United States Information Agency was the largest full-service public relations organization in the world, spending over $2 billion per year to highlight America’s view, while diminishing the Soviet’s side through about 150 different countries.〔 Its stated goals were: * To explain and advocate U.S. policies in terms that are credible and meaningful in foreign cultures; * To provide information about the official policies of the United States, and about the people, values and institutions which influence those policies; * To bring the benefits of international engagement to American citizens and institutions by helping them build strong long-term relationships with their counterparts overseas; * To advise the President and U.S. government policy-makers on the ways in which foreign attitudes will have a direct bearing on the effectiveness of U.S. policies.〔 Propaganda played a large role in how the United States was viewed by the world during the Cold War. American propagandists felt as though the Hollywood movie industry was destroying the image of the United States in other countries.〔Lefever, Ernest. ''Ethics and United States Foreign Policy'' (Cleveland, OH: The World Publishing Company, 1957).〕 In response to the negative portrayal of America from communist propaganda the "USIA exist() as much to provide a view of the world to the United States as it () to give the world a view of America".〔Elder, Robert, ''The Information Machine: The United States Information Agency and American Foreign Policy'' (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1968).〕 The purpose of the USIA within the United States was to assure Americans that, "()he United States was working for a better world".〔Osgood, Kenneth. ''Total Cold War: Eisenhower's Secret Propaganda Battle at Home and Abroad''. 2006. University Press of Kansas. Lawrence, KS.〕 Abroad, the USIA aimed to preserve a positive image of America regardless of negative depictions from communist propaganda. One notable example was Project Pedro, a secretly funded project to create newsreels in Mexico during the 1950s that portrayed Communism unfavorably and the United States positively.〔Fein, Seth, "New Empire into Old: Making Mexican Newsreels the Cold War Way", ''Diplomatic History'' 28 (2004): 703-748.〕 In order to accomplish the advisory portion of its mission, the agency conducted research on foreign public opinion about the United States and its policies, in order to inform the president and other key policymakers. The agency did this through public opinion surveys throughout the world. It then issued a variety of reports to government officials, including a twice-daily report on foreign media commentary around the world.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「United States Information Agency」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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